Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children. ADHD is characterized by a lack in concentration, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. ADHD is a chronic and continuous illness that can affect people’s daily lives, their professional and academic achievements, and how they interact with others. When ADHD is not treated properly, it can lead to low self-esteem in children and poor social performance (Harpin et al. 2016.). Adults with ADHD can have low self-esteem and be sensitive to criticism. They may also experience an increase in self-criticism. This could be due to the constant self-criticism that they have experienced throughout their lives (Beaton and others). 2022). Adult ADHD can be assessed and presented in different ways. This page is aimed at children.
Danielsen 2018). Simon et al. 2009). ADHD is often first diagnosed in children with disruptive behavior or problems in schoolwork. The symptoms of ADHD tend to manifest differently in girls and boys. This does not mean that ADHD is more common in boys. Boys are more likely than girls to show signs of hyperactivity and externalizing symptoms.
Symptoms of Diagnosis
Many children have difficulty sitting still, paying attention and waiting their turn. They also become nervous and act in impulsive manners. Children with ADHD show hyperactivity, as well as impulsivity and lack of focus, which are higher than the norm for their age. These symptoms can lead to a great deal of stress at home, in the office, at school and with relationships. These symptoms are not due to the person being stubborn or incapable.
ADHD can be classified into three different types:
It’s mostly a deliberate design.
Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation.
Combination of two presentations.
The signs of ADHD that have been present for the last six months are used to diagnose the disorder. ADHD can be diagnosed at any age, but it is most often recognized during the first few years of a child’s life. Signs must be evident before the age of 12 if you are considering a possible diagnosis. The symptoms have been seen in many different environments. The symptoms don’t have to occur at home.
There are some types that don’t pay attention
Inattention is the inability to stay focused, on track and coordinate. It is recommended that if you are diagnosed with this form of ADHD, you should take note of at least six symptoms (or five if you have a teenager or older):
Attention to detail or carelessness in the workplace or school.
You need help to focus on certain tasks, such as a lecture or a conversation or reading long texts?
The speaker doesn’t hear you (i.e. It seems to be at another location.
Fully adheres to the instructions, but does not complete any homework, chores or other duties.
It is necessary to improve the way you manage your tasks and work.
You may not like or prefer to do tasks that require concentration, such as completing forms or reports.
People often lose important items that they need to do their daily tasks, such as school papers, books, wallets, keys, or glasses.
It’s easy for you to become distracted.
He must be able remember simple tasks like chores or running around to do them. Adults or older teens may forget to pay their bills or answer the phone. They might also need a reminder for appointments.
Hyperactive/impulsive type
Hyperactivity is a term that describes excessive movement, such as fidgeting and squirming. It also refers to high energy levels and the inability to stay still or speak. The term “impulsivity”, is used to describe actions or choices taken without thinking about the consequences. To be able identify this type, it is recommended that six symptoms (or five if over 17) are observed regularly.
Fidgeters use their hands or feet, or they may even get up from their chair.
The inability to sit still for long periods of time (in class or at work).
A runner or a person running in an area that is not suitable.
Unable to play or do leisure activities quietly.
Like the engine, every day is “on the move”.
The length of the talks should be reduced.
Answers are given before a question is asked (for instance, they may be able finish sentences or wait until the conversation begins).
They may need help in queues, for example.
Interrupts or disrupts others (for instance, interrupts conversations or games or uses other people’s items without their consent). Adults or teenagers who are older than they are can take over other people’s activities.
Combination type
When both hyperactivity and inattention are present, this type of ADHD can be diagnosed.
ADHD is often diagnosed by mental health specialists or primary care providers. The psychiatric examination includes the evaluation of symptoms by patients and caregivers. It also involves the completion of questionnaires and scales by caregivers, teachers and patients. Information on mental and medical health, including information about family history and the environment as well. Referrals for an examination can be used to confirm that there are no other medical problems.
ADHD can be caused by a variety of conditions, including learning disabilities, anxiety and substance abuse, thyroid disorders, head injuries, and the use certain drugs, such as steroid. ADHD can also be associated with other health disorders such as oppositional-defiant disorder, learning problems, or behavior disorders (Austerman, 2015). A thorough psycho-psychiatric evaluation is therefore vital. To diagnose ADHD, the procedure or tests is used regularly. Patients may be advised to take further psychological tests, such as neuropsychological tests or psychoeducational test to determine the severity of symptoms.
ADHD: Causes and Treatment
Researchers still haven’t identified the exact cause of ADHD. It is becoming more and more apparent that genetic factors are involved in ADHD. There is still no specific gene or gene-gene combination that has been identified as causing the disorder. You should also keep in mind the fact that families of people with ADHD can be affected. The brain anatomy of kids with ADHD differs from that of kids without the condition. Children with ADHD, for example, have a lower level of gray and white matter in the brain. They also have different brain region activities when performing certain tasks (Pliszka 2007,). According to studies, the frontal lobes and cerebellar vermis are affected by ADHD (Tripp & Wickens 2009). This disorder is caused by a number of non-genetic causes, such as preterm birth, exposure to harmful substances like alcohol or lead, and smoking. Extreme anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
